Adams Exercise Physiology

The question of employee or human motivation is one that has intrigued leaders and workplace scientists for generations. What is motivation? It is the willingness to act - to exert an effort toward a goal that fulfills a physiological or psychological need. When we are motivated to act that motivation springs from an internal need that drives an outcome. A simple example is hunger (need) we manage to arrange our lives so that we can connect with food (outcome).

As we think about how to motivate employees in this era of shrinking resources, it is helpful to review the conclusions of five researchers who studied motivation in the workforce: Abraham Maslow; Frederick Herzberg; Douglas McGregor; Victor Vroom and J. Stacy Adams. Here is a quick review of their findings and conclusions that may help you formulate your own thinking about keeping your employees motivated and engaged.

Abraham Maslow

Remember freshman psychology 101. Undoubtedly Maslow's hierarchy of need showed up there. His theories are built around five basic needs. The most basic need is related to physiology, present in both humans and animals: food, shelter, sex and elimination. Moving up Maslow's hierarchy or next in line is safety or the need to avoid danger and deter threats. The next three levels are higher level needs unique to the human experience: the need for social interaction and intimacy; the need for self esteem and finally, the need for self-actualization or to experience and live by one's true self, likes, dislikes, temperament etc. Maslow concluded that these five levels were consequential. You cannot move on to a higher level until each lower level is satisfied. How can we expect employees to engage in our social mission if they don't feel physiologically safe and secure? For example, they can't pay their rent.

Frederick Herzberg

Herzberg drew a distinction between the causes of workers being satisfied and those causes which create dissatisfaction. He clearly concluded that it was possible for workers to feel satisfied when they are receiving recognition and have opportunities for growth and achievement and at the same time be dissatisfied about other things that were a part of the work environment like inadequate or broken equipment or dirty restrooms. Herzberg recommended that employers try to achieve the best of both worlds: high satisfaction factors (recognition, growth) and low dissatisfaction factors (poor working conditions, lack of tools to do the job).

Douglas McGregor

McGregor developed two basic assumptions or strategies regarding employee motivation. What he referred to as Theory X purported that people inherently dislike work. They must be coerced and controlled to achieve work objectives. They wish to avoid responsibility and have relatively little ambition. Theory Y is more consistent with thinking in 2010 suggested that people view work as being as natural for adults as play is for children. Theory Y said that people will learn to seek and accept responsibility and will exercise self-direction towards achieving workplace goals and objectives. Looking at your workplace, which theory tends to predominate in philosophy and practice: theory X or theory Y?

Victor Vroom

Victor Vroom developed the Expectancy Theory. This theory of motivation holds that employees perform better when their efforts lead toward the rewards they desire. People do what is in their best interest. Thus workers need to see the link between increasing effort and a desired reward. Vroom recognized that individuals will have different goals and interests; different things turn on different people. Individuals can be motivated if they believe there is a positive correlation between favorable performance and reward; working hard results in success. At the same time, motivation breaks down, when people are working hard but not experiencing success. We usually call this latter situation "burnout." It is important to remember that working hard does not lead to burnout. Burnout is a function of the lack of success or failure.

J. Stacy Adams

The Adams' theory is referred to as "Equity Theory." If employees perceive that their work environment is inequitable, they will act to correct it - to create equity. This reminds me of man I knew who once stole a roll of toilet paper from the company every day. He was "getting even" to make things equitable. More typical ways of creating equity include: reduced quality, increased absenteeism, voluntary resignation and lower productivity. Recent studies indicate that unmotivated workers only provide 2 hours per day of productivity.

When viewed together, here are the implications of these five theories for supervisors.

1. The possibility that you cannot really motivate anyone. While certain premiums or incentive plans may jack up production in the short haul, over the long haul, worker motivation is internally driven. Therefore premiums need to be used carefully and aligned with longer term organizational goals avoiding short term hits.

2. Neglecting working conditions will demotivate employees.

3. Worker perception about fairness is highly individualized and influences job performance.

4. Align rewards with performance.

5. Watch for signs of unfairness and immediately address employees' concerns for equity. Assist them to understand, find proper direction and correct situations wherein inequity exists.

Disengaged and demotivated workers are serious problems. The end result goes beyond poor quality and low production to staff turnover costing organizations thousands of dollars annually. It translates to performing at or below a mediocre level. Engaged and motivated employees happen when an organization understands and lives the values that form the core of human behavior.

By Larry Wenger

If you would like help developing a plan to engage or motivate your employees, give us a call at 1-877-872-6195 or go to our website at http://www.workforceperformancegroup.net and look for the link that signs you up for our free weekly newsletter - see lots of other ideas on how to motivate staff. Wouldn't it be nice to see more staff whose eyes sparkled? That would make your day.

Exercise Physiology $85 This is a history of exercise physiology written from a systems perspective. The significance of human exercise experiments is emphasized, and the range of coverage is wide. The physiology of exercise and the development of thinking about the responses of physiological systems to the conditions of acute and chronic exercise are covered.

[Lab Manual] Exercise Physiology By Beam, William C./ Adams, Gene M. $138.31 Author: Beam, William C./ Adams, Gene M. Publication Date: 2010/01/18 Number of Pages: 307 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 0.45 Width: 8.50 Height: 10.50

Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Physiology $39.9 Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Physiology looks at the key topics in exercise physiology such as nutrition, altitude, temperature and ergogenic aids.

Exercise Physiology, 1st Edition $94.99 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH presents the fundamental concepts of exercise physiology. You will learn the immediate and long-term effects of exercise on physiological systems in the context of the most recent research, including molecular and genetics studies. The text focuses on issues like obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and is designed to address the global pandemic of sedentary diseases in all age groups. The examples in the text are integrated throughout and link the principles of exercise physiology to strategies that you can use to apply the science in real-life client situations.

Exercise Physiology (Hardcover) $211.28 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH presents the fundamental concepts of exercise physiology. You will learn the immediate and long-term effects of exercise on physiological systems in the context of the most recent research, including molecular and genetics studies. The book focuses on issues like obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, and is designed to address the global pandemic of sedentary diseases in all age groups. The examples are integrated throughout and link the principles of exercise physiology to strategies that you can use to apply the science in real-life client situations.

Exercise Physiology As a Healthcare Profession (Hardcover) $284.77 This book is about the future of exercise physiology as a healthcare profession, written with the express purpose of talking about the change process and how it is needed for exercise physiologists to work in healthcare. It shows the reader how to go about creating professionalism in exercise physiology and to understand the importance of the ASEP Board Certification, COde of Ethics, Accreditation, and Standards of Professional Practice.

Physiology of Exercise $36.66 No Synopsis Available

Equine Exercise Physiology (Paperback) $160.72 Equine exercise physiology is an area that has been subject to major scientific advances over the last 30 years, largely due to the increased availability of high-speed treadmills and techniques for recording physiological function during exercise. Despite the scientific advances, many riders and trainers are still using little more than experience and intuition to train their horses.The aim of this book is to sort the fact from the fiction for the benefit of those involved in training, managing or working with horses, and to provide an up-to-date summary of the state of play in equine exercise physiology. Scientific theories are explained from first principles, with the assumption that the reader has no previous scientific background. The book is designed to save competitors and trainers a lot of time and effort trying to extract information in piecemeal fashion from a host of reference sources. For the first time, everything you need to know about exercising and training horses is here in one text.

Exercise Physiology: A Thematic Approach $105.59 Exercise Physiology: A Thematic Approach introduces students with little or no background in human biology to the fundamentals of the physiological processes involved in sports performance. Its central theme is the physiological explanation of maximal oxygen uptake, one of the key concepts in sport and exercise physiology courses. It also includes material on anaerobic metabolism, carbon dioxide excretion and some special cases such as oxygen uptake at altitude and in a variety of extreme climates. Clearly written to provides a logical, linear development of the key concepts.Maximises the use of students practical laboratory experiences.Includes numerous sporting examples to which students can relate.Excellent pedagogy including learning objectives, problems, objective tests and a glossary of terms and symbols.This is the first title in an exciting new series of Sports Science textbooks Wiley SportTexts. It aims to provide textbooks covering the key disciplines within the academic study of sport. The series adopts a studentcentred, interactive, problemsolving approach with the students immediate practical experience as the starting point. Author: Hale, Tudor/ Hale Series Title: Wiley SportTexts Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 356 Publication Date: 2004/05/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.62 x 7.40 x 0.83 inches

The Business of Exercise Physiology (Hardcover) $282.09 This book contains information that Board Certified Exercise Physiologists need to start and manage a profitable health care business by addressing the importance of a business plan.

The Business of Exercise Physiology $159.95 This book contains the information that Board Certified Exercise Physiologists need to start and manage a profitable healthcare business. In addition to helping physiologists understand what it takes to start a business, the book also addresses the importance of a business plan. The more information that exercise physiologists have at the beginning, the more likely they are going to be successful. The idea is to identify what is needed as an entrepreneur to get started and how to be successful at growing your own business. This book is a declaration of intent and permission to “just do it.”

Sport Exercise and Environmental Physiology $87.13 This thorough book collates the relationships between exercise and the environment into one efficient volume. The aim of this text is to provide a comprehensive coverage of the environmental influences that impact the individual when exercising or competing in sport. The main environmental factors are considered, and the physiological reactions to discrete environmental stresses are described and methods of adaptation or coping are explained. Author: Reilly/ Reilly, Thomas/ Waterhouse, Jim Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 256 Publication Date: 2004/10/28 Language: English Dimensions: 9.28 x 6.36 x 0.49 inches

Physiology of Sport and Exercise, Fourth Edition $21.16 The leading textbook for undergraduate exercise physiology courses, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, is back in an updated fourth edition that is better than ever after extensive external reviews of the previous edition by nine content experts. Renowned authors Jack Wilmore and David Costill add the expertise of W. Larry Kenney to bring a fresh perspective to the organization and content of the fourth edition.Building on the positive feedback of previous editions, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, Fourth Edition, presents the complex relationship between human physiology and exercise in a format that is more comprehensive for students than other comparable texts. Ease of reading and understanding is the cornerstone for this popular text, and students will experience a depth and breadth of content balanced with unique and effective learning features: -Online learning. The text is automatically packaged with an access code for the online student guide. With the inclusion of the access code in the text, students will be reminded to access the Web site more readily. The convenient Web site format of the student guide allows students to practice, review, and develop knowledge and skills about the physiology of sport and exercise.-Accessible layout. The book is divided into seven parts, each with opening text that briefly describes the contents of the chapters in that part. Chapter outlines with page numbers help students locate material, including the related online study guide activities. -Keys to comprehension. In each chapter, key points and key terms are highlighted. The key terms are listed at the end of the chapter and defined in the glossary, thus increasing students' opportunities for recall, transfer of information, and self-testing.-Review and reflection. Review boxesscattered throughout each chapter remind students of the major points presented. Study questions allow students to test their knowledge of the chapter's contents. Reminders of available study guide activities encourage students to explore additional learning opportunities.-Reference and extended study. A comprehensive glossary and a thorough index help students navigate both the text and subject matter. Plus, a listing of references and selected readings provide additional information about topics of special interest. -Abbreviations and conversions. A list of common abbreviations on the inside front cover and a list of conversions on the inside back cover of the text provide a quick and easy reference for students while they complete labs and assignments.In an effort to reduce “backpack bulge,” the fourth edition has been carefully streamlined to offset the addition of new chapters or pages. Updated research, modernized artwork, and a reorganization of material provide a focused and effective presentation of concepts within a slightly smaller—and lighter—textbook. Chapters regarding nutrition and body composition are now combined to reduce information overlap, and re...

Cellular Physiology and Metabolism of Physical Exercise (Hardcover) $382.92 The book will cover areas of cellular physiology and metabolism that are of interest for scientists doing research in diabetes and metabolic diseases. The work is fully comprehensive of the discipline, and therefore will also be suitable for university classes of graduate students. In particular, the book discusses both classical aspects of cellular physiology and metabolism of physical exercise, as well as novel areas like exercise in transplantation and exercise in beta-cell failure, which mark the frontiers of research in the sports field.

Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology - 1st Edition (Book) $96.95 With Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology, you’ll gain cutting-edge information on how exercise modulates cellular physiology. You’ll be able to use that knowledge to develop better training regimens and injury-prevention and rehabilitation programs. You’ll also be able to improve performance. The book is unique in that it is the first comprehensive text to address the effects of physical activity on the cellular and molecular level. Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology highlights the potential of physical training in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases while thoroughly exploring these topics:Fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for changes in stroke volume, blood gas homeostasis, pH alterations, blood pressure, and osmosis in response to exerciseHow the exercise effects are mediated and translated into specific cellular and subcellular alterationsRecent fascinating advances in molecular techniques have extended the field of exercise physiology and enabled researchers to address the mechanisms involved on a subcellular and molecular level. Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology is a vital reference to help you stay on top of this exciting field. 11/7/2004 copyright, 464 pages.

Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual, 1 $71.95 This second edition of the successful Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual takes a close look at anthropometry and presents laboratory procedures next to real-life practical examples supported with appropriate data.

Clinical Exercise Physiology--Understanding the Basics (DVD) $44.73 Clinical Exercise Physiology—Understanding the Basics presents an easy-to-understand overview of many of the basic fundamentals, concepts, and principles involved in clinical exercise physiology. The DVD discusses how these concepts can be applied by health/fitness professionals in a meaningful and useful manner in a clinical setting. Among the topics covered: maximal oxygen uptake, metabolic equivalents (METs), anaerobic (ventilatory) threshold, acute cardiorespiratory response to exercise, cardiac output, stroke volume, and arterial-venous oxygen difference. Produced in cooperation with the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines $67.95 Sport and exercise physiologists are called upon to carry out physiological assessments that have proven validity and reliability, both in sport-specific and health-related contexts. A wide variety of test protocols have been developed and refined. Thi

Introduction to Exercise Physiology (Paperback) $186.46 Description not available.

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